© 2006 Heron Publishing—Victoria, Canada
Interactive effects of shade and irrigation on the performance of seedlings of three Mediterranean Quercus species
Pilar Castro-Díez (1, 2), Javier Navarro (1), Ana Pintado (3), Leopoldo G. Sancho (3) and Melchor Maestro (4)
1. Departamento Interuniversitario de Ecología, Sección de Alcalá, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alcalá. E28871 Alcalá
de Henares, Madrid, Spain / 2. Corresponding author (mpilar.castro@uah.es) / 3. Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid,
Spain / 4. Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, CSIC, Avda Montañana, Apdo 202, 50080 Zaragoza, Spain / Received July 13, 2004; accepted June 11, 2005; published online December 15, 2005
Summary
Shade and irrigation are frequently used to increase the success of Mediterranean Quercus spp. plantations. However, there is controversy about the combined effects of these treatments on plant performance. We assessed
the effects of two irradiances (full sunlight and moderate shade) and two summer watering regimes (high (daily) and low (alternate
days)) on leaf and whole-plant traits of 1-year-old seedlings of Quercus coccifera, Q. ilex subsp. ballota and Q. faginea grown outdoors for 8.5 months. Leaf traits included measures of morphology, nitrogen concentration, gas exchange and photochemical
efficiency, and measures of whole-plant traits included biomass allocation patterns, growth phenology, across-summer leaf
area change and relative growth rate (RGR).
Moderate shade reduced leaf mass per area, increased photochemical efficiency, maximum carbon assimilation rate (Amax) and allocation to leaves, and prolonged the growing period in one or more of the species. Daily watering in summer increased
Amax of Q. ilex and prolonged the growing period of Q. ilex and Q. faginea. Both treatments tended to increase RGR. The effect of shade was greater in the low-watering regime than in the high-watering
regime for two of the 15 studied traits, with treatment effects being independent for the remaining 13 traits. Leaf nitrogen
and the ability to maintain leaf area after the arid period, rather than biomass allocation traits, explained the variation
in seedling RGR. Trait responsiveness to the treatments was low and similar among species and between study scales, being
unexpectedly low in Q. faginea leaves. This may be because selective pressures on leaf plasticity act differently in deciduous and evergreen species. We
conclude that moderate shade and daily summer watering enhance the performance of Mediterranean Quercus seedlings through species-specific mechanisms.
Keywords:
biomass allocation, carbon assimilation rate, fluorescence, phenology, relative growth rate.
