© 1997 Heron Publishing—Victoria, Canada
Xylem cavitation in roots and stems of Douglas-fir and white fir
John S. Sperry (1) and Takefumi Ikeda (2)
1. Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA / 2. Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Momoyama, Fushimi, Kyoto 612, Japan / Received May 29, 1996
Summary
Roots of hardwoods have been shown to be more vulnerable to xylem cavitation than stems. This study examined whether this
pattern is also observed in a conifer species. Vulnerability to cavitation was determined from the pressure required to inject
air into the vascular system of hydrated roots and stems, and reduce hydraulic conductance of the xylem. According to the
air-seeding hypothesis for the cavitation mechanism, these air pressures predict the negative xylem pressure causing cavitation
in dehydrating stems. This was evaluated for stems of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl.). The air-injection method was applied to roots and stems of different sizes and positions in Douglas-fir
trees. Roots, especially smaller roots with a xylem diameter < 5 mm, were more vulnerable to cavitation than stems. Mean cavitation
pressure for smaller roots was –2.09 ± 0.42 versus –3.80 ± 0.19 MPa for larger roots (> 8 mm diameter). Within the shoot system,
smaller stems (< 5 mm diameter) were most vulnerable to cavitation, having a mean cavitation pressure of –4.23 ± 0.565 versus
–5.27 ± 0.513 MPa for large stems (> 8 mm diameter). There was no correlation between tracheid diameter and mean cavitation
pressure within root or stem systems, despite larger tracheid diameters in roots (23.3 ± 3.9 µm) than in stems (9.2 ± 1.6
µm). Smaller safety margins from cavitation in roots may be beneficial in limiting water use during mild drought, and in protecting
the stem from low xylem pressures during extreme drought.
Keywords:
drought stress, water transport, xylem physiology.
